Ments



fin Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

W. W. UANPIELD.

HEATING SYSTEM. No. 401,685. Patented Apr. 16, 1889.

Z Z IIVVEWTOH, vim/5 r '(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. W. OANFIELD.

HEATING SYSTEM.

No. 401,685. Patented Anr. 16, 1889.

N PETERS. Phulv-Lllhcgmpher, Washington D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT WILLIAM WV. OANFIELD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO THE NATIONAL HEATING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

HEATING SY STEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 401,685, dated April 16, 1889.

Application filed October '7, 1887. Serial No. 251,685, (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM W. OANFIELD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Heating Systems, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide IO improved means for supplying heat to dwelling-houses and other buildings, wherein the system employed is that known as indirect radiation, and in which steam or hot water is used for the purpose of heating the air, which is afterward conveyed to the various compartments of the building by means of pipes, registers, &c., for heating purposes.

The invention consists in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts disclosed in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying draw ings, forming part of said specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate like or equivalent parts wherever found through out the several views, and in which- Figure 1 represents a central vertical section of an air-heater constructed according to my invention; Fig. 2, a view of a modification, partly in section, the top of the casing of the air-heater being broken away 5 and Fig. 3 represents modified forms of a detail of the con struction shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The improved means for heating by indirect radiation herein shown and described is 3 5 intended, primarily, for use in connection with what is known as the Prall system for supplying heat from a central station, in which superheated water or steam is employed. as the medium of heatsupply, and in which. the water, after it has been circulated for'heat ing purposes and its temperature reduced to any required extent, or the water of condensation, if steam be used, is returned. to the heater, where it is again heated and circulated as in the first instance. It is evident,

however, that this invention may be used in connection with any form of water-heater or steam-generator now in use.

Referring to Fig. 1, G indicates the casing of an air-heating chamber, within. which is arranged a radiator consisting of sections-of pipe arranged in slightly-inclined planes, each successive section communicating with the one immediately below it, one of the connections being clearly shown at 70. The sections may be held in position within the easing by means of lugs or brackets Zn, or in any other desired manner. Arranged between the inclined sections of the radiator are division plates or diaphragms L, which may be sup- 6o ported by lugs Z, or in any other way. These diaphragms are attached alternately to opposite sides of the casing and extend, as shown, across the greater portion thereof, the object being to retard the flow of the air and to cause it to follow or flow along the surface of the separate sections of the radiator-coils, whereby it is kept in contact therewith to the greatest extent and heated to the highest possible degree. The hot water or steam enters the radiator by means of the pipe h, and after passing through the radiator is returned to the heater through pipe 0. The air enters the casing G through the pipe or passage M, and, having been heated as above set forth, passes out through the several passages N attached to or formed integral with the dome or cap N, which is securelybolted to the 0011- vex top of easing G. The passage within the dome N and each of the passages N are pro- 8o vided with a damper or regulator, by which the flow of air may be regulated or entirely out off.

The size of the coil from which the radiator is formed and the amount employed. will depend upon the size and character of the building, the amount of space to be heated, &c., and will be determined by methods and rules with which those skilled in this art are familiar.

In ordinary dwellinghouses, with the external temperature at 10 Fahrenheit, and the temperature of the radiator pipes or coils 200, it would generally require about twelve feet of four-inch pipe to every thousand cubic 5 feet of space contained in the house to give a temperature of 65. To raise the temperature to 70 would require about fourteen feet of four-inch pipe. 'If the pipes were only three inches in. diameter, it would be neces- 10c sary to add one-third to the quantity here given, and if two-inch pipes were used double the quantity would be required. In this system, however, the temperature of the radiating-pipes will probably never be below 300, and usually much above that point, in view of which the amount of radiating-surface required would be much less than that given, where the calculations are based upon the fact that the radiator-coil is supposed to be heated to 200.

It will probably be found that the construction and combination of pipes shown in Fig. 1, all things considered, will be the most advantageous. In this form of heater the coils are quite small at the top and increase in size by double sections to the bottom of the casing.-

In this figure the first two sections are constructed of pipes supposed to be three-quarters of an inch in diameter, the second two sections one inch, the third two of one and one-quarter, the fourth two of one and onehalf, and the fifth two of two-inch pipes. WVith this construction the superheated water, when superheated water is used as a heating medium, would not flash or .expand into steam immediately after leaving the supplypipe, as would be the case if the coil of the radiator were much larger than the supplypipe, the rapidity of the circulation would diminish from the top to the bottom of the coil, and the pipe 0', which returns the water to the heater, being of the same size as the supply-pipe c, which may be, say, either onehalf or three-quarters of an inch, and much smaller than the coil with which it connects, also retards the flow. In this way the largest possible amount of heat is extracted or radiated from the coil and taken up by the air, which first comes into contact with the larger sections of coils, and each successive section with which the air comes in contact in its upward passage being more highly heated than the one below it the air is gradually heated to a degree almost equal to that of the upper section of the radiator. It is evident that this invention is not limited to any particular size of radiator-coil or supply or return pipe, those shown and described being only preferred.

The shape and construction of the top of the radiator casing or furnace and the crown or cap N are such as to afford an easy and free passage of the air to the hot-air-supply pipes. It is evident that the sections of the radiator may be arranged in horizontal instead of in inclined planes, if desired, the arrangement shown, however, being probably preferable, as it aids circulation.

In Fig. 3 are shown two modifications of the diaphragms L, which may be used when the sections of the radiator are placed as in Fig. 1. One of these consists of a single sheet of metal corrugated as shown, and the other of two sheets or a single sheet bent so as to form, in connection with the wall of the easing, a triangle of which the wall forms the base. This form of diaphragm will more completely fill up the space between the sections of the radiator and compel the air to pass in closer contact therewith.

The general form and arrangement of the hot-air casing and radiator shown in Fig. 2 are the same as in Fig. 1. The radiator itself is of somewhat different construction, the sections consisting of hollow cast iron bars united, as shown at a, by means of the wellknown ground-joint, through which is a passage forming a communication between the spaces or passages a within the bars. In this view the top and one side of the hot-air oasing is broken off, and the first four sections of the radiator are shown in section and the last two in elevation. The sections are also united by a ground-joint, (shown at 6,) said joint having a passage therethrough, as shown in dotted lines, through which the circulating medium passes from one section to another. Each of the radiating bars is provided on its opposite sides with longitudinal ribs or flanges which interlock with each other, as shown, forming a tortuous or serpentine passage through which the air in its upward course is compelled to pass. By this construction the flow of air is retarded and it is retained much longer in contact with the radiating-surface, which is also largely increased. In this form of heater two sides of the casing should consist of hinged doors, in order that easy access may be had to the radiator for the purpose of removing the dust and other deposits that may from time to time collect on the horizontal ribs or flanges d. The operation is the same as in Fig. 2. The steam or water enters the radiator at one of the upper corners, (the connection not being shown,) and passes out at m. The radiator-sections may be arranged in inclined or oblique planes, if desired.

It will be observed that with the construction shown in Fig. 1, and also the modification shown in Fig. 2, the diaphragm L between the several sections of the radiator is at no point in contact with said sections nor with the separate bars or pipes which compose the sections. The air is thus permitted to pass entirely around and in contact with every part of the surface of the said pipes or bars. It will also be observed that the pipes or bars of which the separate radiator-sections are composed are placed at right angles to the course of the air as it passes from the bottom to the top of the casing G around the diaphragms L, arranged between each of said sections, and by means of this arrangement the hot water or steam is retained in each section for the longest possible length of time, and the largest possible amount of heat is extracted thererom.

I am aware that hot-air drums having side casings, ingress and egress openings for the air in the bottom and top, respectively, and diaphragms arranged alternately within the casing have heretofore been applied to stovepipes and similar devices, the stove-pipe being so arranged as to carry the escaping products of combustion in a tortuous course through the casing around the alternating diaphragms, whereby the air in its passage through the casing from the top to the bottom was heated by the escaping products of combustion within the stove-pipe; also that steam or hot-waterheaters have been provided with diaphragms similarly arranged, in which the steam or hot water passed through pipes which were coiled back and forth within the casing around the alternating diaphragms, and do not claim such devices as of my invention, they being applicable only to the well-known low-pressure steam or hot-water heating systems, whereas the apparatus claimed herein is intended, as hereinbefore stated, for use in connection with ahigh-pressure steam or hotwater heating system, in which the heating medium is raised to a very high degree before entering the radiator-say400 Fahrenheit and in which it is desired that this high temperature be reduced to not over 212 before the heating medium leaves the radiator.

Having thus fully described my invention, its construction and mode of operation, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The combination, in a hot water or steam heater, of a casing, as G, having air ingress and egress openings in its top and bottom, respectively, a radiator consisting of separate sections, each of said sections being composed of a series of communicating hollow pipes or bars, said sections communicating at alternate sides of the casing, and diaphragms, as L, arranged alternately and between said sections at equal distances therefrom, whereby air in passing from the bottom to the top of the cas ing is compelled to pass around the diaphragms and in contact with the entire surface of each of the pipes or bars of the sepa rate sections, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, in a steam or hot-water heater, of a casing, as G, having air ingress and egress openings at its bottom and top, respectively, a radiator consisting of separate sections composed of a series of hollow pipes or bars, said sections communicating at alter-.

nate sides of the casing, and diaphragms, as L, arranged between said sections, the pipes or bars of which the sections of the radiator are composed increasing in size from the top to the bottom, substantially as shown and described.

3. A radiator consisting of separate sections of hollow pipes or bars, said sections being arranged in planes one above the other, and the pipes of said sections increasing in size from the top to the bottom, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination, with a hot-air casing, as G, of a radiator consisting of separate sections composed of a series of hollow pipes or bars arranged one above the other, the pipes of which said sections are composed increasing in size from the top to the bottom, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a hot-water or steam heater, the combination, with a casing, as G, having air ingress and egress openings in its bottom and top, respectively, of a radiator consisting of separate sections composed of a series of comm unicatin g hollow pipes or bars, said sections being arranged in inclined or oblique planes one above the other, and communicating at alternate sides, and the diaphragms, as L, arranged alternately between said sections at equal distancestherefrom, substantially as shown and described.

6. A hot-water or steam radiator consisting of separate sections of hollow pipes or bars, said sections being arranged in planes one above the other, the pipes of said sections increasing in size from the top to the bottom,

and the egress opening for the steam or hot,

water being smaller than the pipes or bars of the lower section of the radiator, substantially as shown and described.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 5th day of October, A. D. 1887.

WM. WV. OANFIELD. Witnesses:

DANIEL E. DELAVAN, FRANK O. F. KNAAK. 

